Thursday, December 26, 2019

Effective Communication Within The Workplace - 1848 Words

To really address this question to its fullest extent we must first ask ourselves what is the definition of a manger. A manger is an individual who runs or leads a team of people and delegates task’s to them. To be a good manger you must poses qualities such as fantastic planning skills, great organisational amongst a number of other things. In addition to this. We must also look at what organisational communication; it is the communication that happens within the organisational, whether it is face to face communication or video conferences communication. It is important to note that if organisations do not communicate the right information, in the right way, to the right people, at the right time, this could create problems and have an impact on the level of effectiveness and efficiency. In essence, there is therefore a need for effective communication within the workplace. If there is poor communication within the workplace a number of problems can arise, for instance the employees in the organisation do not know what is important and what is not important, this means that the communications strategy is unclear and only the mangers and line mangers will know priorities Another thing that can occur if there is bad communication is employees do not know what to do and when it is meant to be done. This can cause a huge amount of chaos and disarray especially in a fast – paced moving business like stock broker companies or direct marketing companies. One of the main waysShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication Within A Workplace854 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication skills are very important no matter where or who you are. Communication within a workplace can determine whether a business or individual is successful or not. Understanding effective communication in a medical setting helps hospitals and doctor offices develop a work environment that is able to communicate effectively with coworker, patients and doctors in order to take of the patients needs. Listening, clarity and Patience are three main keys to effective communication within aRead MoreEffective Communication Within The Workplace1254 Words   |  6 Pagesoperate effectively within a workplace their must be effective communication between staff and managers from front line managers to high end managers. However, in workplaces all around the world. Employees often fail to address employees effectively and often as a direct result. Employees either make mistakes or purposely choose to disregard orders. To reinforce this statement managers still evaluate that there is a clear failure of effective communication within the workplace still is a large problemRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And The Workplace946 Words   |  4 PagesInterpersonal communication in the workplace is developed positively or negatively on the individual relationships we have combined with our human behaviors and human actions within each of those relationships. There are many things that can affect interpersonal communications within the workplace, from generational that create technological gaps, to diversity and tolerance it creates, and finally the type of workplace, is it a team environment encouraging inclusiveness within the organization orRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Are Essential For Success1222 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Effective Communication skills are essential for success in every organization. Individuals today in the workplace need to effectively communicate with employees, customers and potential clients. Effective and clear communication if not delivered in the right manner could be interpreted by the receiver and have a negative impact. There are many barriers that can effect a conversation such as cultural differences, gender and environment. Employees can learn how to adapt in differentRead More Work Environment Paper1015 Words   |  5 Pages Work Environment Paper Good communication skills are imperative for organizations to carry out in an attempt to maintain outstanding performance from employees and management. Every workplace is unique in terms of their diversity profile therefore, is it vital for organization to create and execute creative communication methodologies that will enable organizations to develop a community rather than just your average run of the mill work environment. For example, active listening, collective goalRead MoreEffective Communication in the Workplace Essay1220 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication Barriers in the Workplace Communication barriers in the workplace can have a serious effect on the functioning and of an organization. In the following article we shall understand what some of these communication barriers are and how to overcome them. Ads by Google Improve Communication Our NLP Training Program Helps You Overcome Your Fears. Enroll Today! www.EasyNLP.com/ Conflict Management How much is conflict costing you? Assessment, Training, Coaching www.StrategicLeadershipCoachingRead MoreImportance of Cross Cultural Communications1209 Words   |  5 PagesEffective cross-cultural communication is one of the most important issues dealt with in business, particularly when a firm operates at an international level. Communication is a process with three key elements, which includes a source, an audience, and a channel. Communication derived from businesses will have listeners that include, but are not limited to customers, employees, suppliers, and the community (Caddy et al.). These listeners contribute to the success of a firm, which is why there isRead MoreThe Effects Of Effective Communication On Job Performance1680 Words   |  7 PagesWhen asked to write a reflective think piece describing a single communication issue as it pertains to the organization in which I work, the Employment Development Department, I decided to delve into the to pic of effective communication, especially in regards to job expectations. I choose this particular aspect of communication because it is one of my divisions biggest complaints in regards to management or the lack there of, and I want to better understand how to avoid miscommunicating with fellowRead MoreThe Importance Of An Undergraduate Business Management Student1535 Words   |  7 Pagesever-changing business world, a key component to the productivity within the workplace is communication. As an undergraduate business management student, an important part of communication is understanding the difference between maintaining the faà §ade of an authoritative figure or maintaining a friendly relationship with employees and how it would affect the attitudes, behaviors, productivity and quality of work. In order create a successful workplace environment, finding and establishing a middle ground betweenRead MoreEssential Attributes in Nursing1220 Words   |  5 Pagescommunities. I n a nursing good workplace citizenship needs an understanding and maintaining a good relationship between patients and health professional to deliver quality health care and services. In the context of nursing, communication, teamwork and social responsibility is the main graduates attributes that are essential in workplace citizenship because it promotes a healthy relationship between health professionals, patients and improve the nursing workplace. Communication is the exchanging information

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

The Inner City Of Los Angeles - 805 Words

Growing up in the inner city of Los Angeles taught me many things; make sure you’re inside before the street lights come on, never wear all red or blue, and make sure you get a good education so that one day you can leave the inner city behind. I was fortunate enough to have both a mother and a father who stressed the importance of excelling academically because attending an inner city, LA county, public school did not instill a love of academics in myself or my peers. Our teachers had checked out, the curriculum was not inspiring or relatable, and everyday there was yet another fight happening during recess. As time went on I witnessed my classmates and I take completely different paths. The strong support system I had at home proved effective. As I went on to go to college, many of my peers dropped out, the dismal state of our public school system had clearly failed them. During my undergraduate studies, the stories of my old classmates did not leave my mind. I remained dee ply intrigued with the struggles of inner city people of color and the mobility they are granted. I began to volunteer at ArtStart, a non profit program that taught previously incarcerated youth the art of poetry, and I was immediately intrigued by the stories of what had led these children to a life of crime at such a young age. In these students, I saw my childhood friends who had went down the same path many years before and I wanted to know why; where did the disconnect between the school systemShow MoreRelatedAsian American Assimilation Into American Society1669 Words   |  7 PagesFrom Chinatown to Monterey Park, Asian Americans across the boundaries of Los Angeles are flourishing from bustling inner cities to middle class suburbia. The suburban life style was originally created by white Americans for white Americans however in today’s suburban cities and towns there seems to be a substantial group of Asians and Asian Americans thriving in these once predominately whi te areas(Li 1993, 318). The development of Asians and Asian Americans in the suburbs occurred through the followingRead More Crippin in Los Angeles Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;African American gangs in Los Angeles originated mostly from the migration of African Americans from the South after World War II. In the 1920’s most of the gangs in Los Angeles were family oriented and it was not until the late 1940’s that the first gangs began. The gangs surfaced out the area known as the East Side, which is the area east of Main Street to Alameda. A lot of the gangs surfaced because of the racism perpetrated by the whites. There was clear segregationRead MorePark Sociology1218 Words   |  5 Pagesethnicities, and between inner-city and suburban children. The study surveyed children and their parents in 12 middle schools and analyzed the results. The study also included an observation of children at 50 inner-city and 50 suburban parks and used multiple regression models containing park and neighborhood level variables to relate them to the numbers of children using parks† (Loukaitou-Sideris and Sideris, 2009). This particular study used a sample from Los Angeles to collect data. Because theRead MoreThe Ecology Of Fear By Mike Davis901 Words   |  4 Pagesthat causes impairment of the natural/urban environment. Many regions of the world face these challenges, and Los Angeles is a part of these. The Ecology of Fear, by Mike Davis, claims that the urbanization of Los Angeles has led to fear of the natural environment. As a result, an â€Å"apocalyptic† society was made and is not able to interact with its natural environment. The city of Los Angeles was developed in harm’s way. â€Å"Market driven urbanization transgressed environmental common sense† (pg.9). CategorizedRead MoreFood Justice And Food Retail1399 Words   |  6 Pagesdwelled on in the article, â€Å"Food justice and Food retail in Los Angeles† by Mark Valliantos. Throughout the article, Valliantos maintains the notion that healthy food should be within everyone’s reach, yet inner cities are still suffering from shortages of fresh produce. To see this issue in action, Valliantos documented this reoccurring phenomenon in Los Angeles. The author gives a description of two areas within the city of Los Angeles, and how they are economically divided based on the amount ofRead MoreThe Film Havoc By F. Scott Fitzgerald902 Words   |  4 Pageswealthy and luxurious suburb of Los Angeles. Havoc focuses on the extravagant lives of two teenage girls, Allison and Emily, and their â€Å"crew.† Emily and Allison are best friends who participate in extremely high risk behavior with their â€Å"crew,† who consist of other well off white teens from their local high school. Allison, Emily, and their â€Å"crew† are stereotypical, white, wealthy teenagers who try to pretend like they are from the inner city of East Los Angeles. The teens try to portray a â€Å"gangster†Read MoreAustralia: Melbournes Urban Consolidation Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesreduces car use and provide better access to facilities, whilst the other point of view argues that urban consolidation has its limits in terms of consumer preference, land capacity and could actually bring negative social and environmental impact to the city. This paper argues that urban consolidation should not be the focal point for future development in Melbourne. I will present this augment from 4 different environmental and social perspectives, which include urban consolidation limits greenRead MoreLos Angeles Is A Problem For American Society1432 Words   |  6 PagesLos Angeles is a city where many important and famous people live. Most people think that most of the population living in Los Angeles is rich because of famous places such as Rodeo Drive and Hollywood where most American movies are produced. The United States has a strong economy, is very safe, and solves a lot of big problems outside the border. United States has a lot of organizations, associations and charities for human rights; however, a big city like Los Angeles has a dark side, it has theRead More What Is A Hero? Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Arnold’s intense love and devotion to children is why he became the founder of the Inn er-City Games Foundation. Ronald Reagan has the highest regards for Arnold and says, â€Å"he genuinely cares about people, especially children, and their well being† (Reagan). Arnold recognized that the future of America depends upon today’s young American people. He saw crime rates sharply increase among inner-city youth, and saw that drugs were becoming a large part of the destruction of America’s youth.Read MoreA Brief Note On Environmental Racism Of Los Angeles1623 Words   |  7 PagesMihaela D. Vincze 07/15/15 Davidson Geog 350 Environmental Racism in Los Angeles Racism consists of philosophies and ideologies that aim to cause the unequal distribution of privileges, goods or rights amongst different racial groups. Our society’s forebearers planted the seeds of discrimination into our consciousness, as racism stems back into the middle ages. Many of our citizens are classified as second class, being disadvantaged in areas that other citizens are not. There is not a sense

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

International Energy Policy Oil policies

Question: Describe about the International Energy Policy? Answer: Introduction The price of crude oil has decrease by over 40% since June, 2014. The price was $115 per barrel at that time. But the current price is near $60 per barrel. OPEC occupies 40% of global oil market. Declining in price of crude oil has created affect on the OPEC. They have failed to meet the agreement on production curbs. The oil price depends on the supply and demand. Economic activity influences the demand of energy (Elekdag, 2008). The demand of energy is high in northern hemisphere. In some region it is high in summer due to use of air conditioning. Weather and geopolitical factors affect the supply of oil. As per current economy of world, it can be seen that there are four reasons which affect the price of oil. The current economic activity is weak. As a result the demand is also less. Second reason is the confusion of Iraq and Libya. These two are large producers of oil in the world. They produce together almost four million barrels per day. But there is no effect on output of them. The market is largely affected by geopolitical risk (Hassan, 2011). According to report, the largest producer oil is America. But there is no export made by America. It also imports oil very less. It creates a lot of spare supply. The last reason is that Saudis and their Gulf allies are not interested to sacrifice their own market share to restore the price. Saudi Arabia can continue with the low price because its reserve is very high and the cost to produce is very less (Al-Chalabi, 2010). This study includes the impact of OPEC members States collective energy policies on the global energy security vis--vis both the oil industry and national economies due to decline in oil prices. It is also emphasized on the measurable actions that non OPEC member can take to mitigate the impact of OPECs current trend as an international oil producer cartel. Impact of decline in oil prices The members of OPEC were five when it was founded in 1960. Thereafter, another six countries had tied to this group. The production value of members of OPEC had decreased. Due to several factors including world recession, the demand has decrease. As a result the price of oil has decreased (Knetsch, 2006). OPEC set quotas of production for stabilizing the price from 1982 to 1985. But, they failed because some members produced oil above the quota (Pitt and Leung, 2009). It is observed that the prices decreased from 2008 to 2009 by 70%. It was doubled in 2001 and it has declined by over 40% during 2014. At the same time, the exports of OPEC have declined 1 million barrels in a day (Balardini, 2010). The mix of export has also altered during that time for various factors. Algeria The revenues of Algeria mostly depend on the export of oil and natural gas. The revenue from hydrocarbon export was 97% of total revenue earned from export and this revenue was also 50% of total fiscal revenues. Due to increasing in price, the revenue has started to decline. It suffers revenue loss of $560 by decreasing price of $1 per barrel. As a result, export level decreases by 4.3% and GDP decreases by 0.8%. This country has faced several economical and social problems due to decrease in revenue of oil. Iran The revenue of Iran from export is about 36% and it contributes 80-85% to the total earnings from exports. It was predicted by the Central Bank Governor of Iran that the foreign obligation of debt is $ 26.4 billion. It will be difficult to repay that debt due to decrease in revenue of Irans oil. Iran will face high amount of budget deficit. Inflation and unemployed are also faced by Iran. It suffers revenue loss in oil export $1 in respect of falling $1 in oil price. As a result of revenue loss, the country may suffer cash crisis. Iraq The exports of Oil in Iraq majorly depend on the export sanctions of United Nations. But export of oil is increasing steadily. As a result it is expected that it will earn more revenue. There is significant of role on decline in global oil prices due to increase in export of oil. Indonesia The revenue of Indonesia decreased 32% ($3.5 billion) in 1998 form 1997 ($5.1 billion). As a result, it falls in economic crisis. It was estimated to fall 13.5-20% in actual. Kuwait The revenue of Kuwait is about 90% of government income. It contributes almost half to the GDP of the country. Saudi Arabia The largest producer of OPEC is Saudi Arabia. It is considered as leader in quota decisions. Saudi Arabia faces problem due to the economic crisis of Asian economy. The sale of 60% of Saudi occurs in Asia. The impact of declining oil prices is both positive and negative in Saudi Arabia. The lower price may be beneficial for certain reasons. The cost of producing oil is very less and it has high reserve. There are several benefits which may be accomplished such as preventing in use of alternative energy resources, capturing the own market share, preventing the investment in non-OPEC oil. On the other side, the earnings mostly depend on oil export. It contributes 88% to the total revenue. It has share of 75% in sate revenues and share of 40% in GDP. As a result of reducing revenues, the growth rate of GDP will decrease and Saudi Arabia may face budget deficit. Qatar The revenue of Qatar from oil export is about 70% of total government revenue. Though the oil price is falling, the country is still thinking to enhance the production capacity. Nigeria It is observed that the earnings of Nigeria from crude oil export have contribution of 90% in foreign exchange earnings. The revenue of Nigeria has decreased due to fall in global oil price. It creates a large effect on the economy and the fiscal growth of Nigeria. Libya It is observed that there is 36% decline in earnings of Libya ($9 billion). The earnings of oil contribute 95% to the hard currency earnings. Due to decline in oil prices, the growth of economy was very rear. The country is bound to apply more conservative fiscal policy and to reduce in spending of public infrastructure. UAE The growth of economy of UAE becomes very slow due to decline in global price. The effect is not so much like other Gulf states. It earns some part of revenue from other business and trade. As decreasing of revenue, the country has taken action to reduce its government expenditure. Venezuela The revenue of Venezuela has also decreased by reducing of global oil price and it has large negative impact on its economy. Mexico Reducing in global oil prices has greater impact on stock market of Mexico. The stock is falling. Russia The revenue of Russian has also reduced due to decrease in global oil price though there is export of high volumes. History says that OPEC has supported the high oil market prices for global crude oil by decreasing the supplies. The supply of oil has not reduced due to drop in global oil price by some members of OPEC. But some members have shown their disinterest to export in low price. It has observed in case of most members that the export of oil has reduced from 2008-2014 and presently is facing high revenue deficits (Luft and Korin, 2009). The Saudi Arabia has good economic condition and good production capacity. Despite of that, the country has selected the low price. It may create negative effect on maximum members of OPEC. Negative effect may harm the revenues and economies of the maximum members which may lead to stabilize the Cartel. As decrease in oil price, the production cost of goods and services will be high in the economy and profit margin will decrease. Price level and inflation of an economy can be influenced by the global oil price decline as well as the financial market of an economy can also be affected (Kalicki and Goldwyn, 2005). The world consumers will beneficial and profitable for consuming the energy at a lower price (Kong, 2010). But it is risk for the producers. It will reduce the profits and capital spending. Measures that can be taken by non OPEC member States The current production of non OPEC countries is about 60% of total global production of oil. The production of non OPEC members includes USA, Mexico, North Sea, non-OPEC Middle East, china. The activities of non-OPEC are different from the activities of OPEC. The most of the oil sector of non-OPEC countries are controlled by private companies. The cost of lifting is higher than the OPEC. It is seen that the market share of OPEC is increasing. It creates problem to the non-OPEC. The global price of oil is also dropping. But the production of non-OPEC has increased s since 1993. In non-OPEC countries, producers are generally the price takers rather than price makers. They are bound to accept the market prices rather than effort to control the prices by managing the production. Lower supply can also put in pressure and it can lead to decline in price (Cashin, 2012). Policy 1: The main measure is the co-operation to mitigate the impact of OPECs current trend as an international oil producer level. The members of OPEC countries have blamed that non-OPEC countries are not intended to co-operate with them. Lack of cooperation is one of the reasons for declining in global price. But it is difficult to cooperate among. The international market is majorly influenced by geo-political factors. It is only possible when the constraint of geo-political can be solved. It is forecasted that the demand of oil will increase in coming years. Though, there is much resource to fulfill the demand, it will difficult to earn revenue by oil producers. If the OPEC and non-OPEC does not co-operate with each other, it will be very difficult the current trend of oil industry. The current trend of an economy in oil market will have an impact on the future market. So, it is required to stabilize the market now to get benefit in future. But, there are several areas of uncert ainty associated with the oil industry in present market. Uncertainties are related with the level of demand in future, policy development and development new technology. These uncertainties can only be eliminated taking collective actions by the OPEC and non-OPEC members. Policy 2: If the production of domestic can be increased the impact of OPECs current trend can be mitigated. Increasing in the domestic production of oil reduces the imports and it makes independent (Helm, 2007). The reserves of oil will more due to increasing in oil production. So, the economy of the non-OPEC countries may not affected by OPEC. In US, the own production level of crude oil has improved continuously from 2008 and the net imports has exceeded in 2011. Presently, it is growing at historic rates (Crane, 2009). Policy 3: It can be mitigated by increasing the supply. If they try to export more oil in international market, it will earn more revenue as well the market share of non-OPEC countries will also increase. The supply can be increased by higher production of domestic oil and making a well reserve. If the production and supply of non-OPEC countries increases, the production and supply of OPEC countries may decrease. Policy 4: The non-OPEC countries can focus on the alternatives of petroleum oil (Mez, Schneider and Thomas, 2009). So, the consumption of petroleum fuel will decrease. As a result, the demand and supply of oil can be balanced. The maximum transport system in the world runs on petroleum. If alternatives to the oil such as bio-fuels, battery, etc are used the demand for oil will decrease. Conclusion It is difficult to say that how long the global prices of oil will decline. But, strategy of Saudi Arabia will affect largely to the others members of OPEC. If the country engages to keep on the exports of oil at lower price for maintaining the market share of them, it will create big effect on the economy of other members. They may suffer several economical problems such inflation, revenue loss and budget deficit. It may lead to an ultimate breakup of the Cartel. It Saudi Arabia even continues at price of below $75 per barrel in the current year, the energy security of US may suffer. References Al-Chalabi, F. (2010). Oil policies, oil myths. London: I.B. Tauris. Balardini, F. (2010). Oil price cycles: 1973-2010. SaarbruÃÅ'ˆcken: Lambert Academic Pub. Cashin, P. (2012). The differential effects of oil demand and supply shocks on the global economy. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund. Crane, K. (2009). Imported oil and U.S. national security. Santa Monica, CA: RAND. Elekdag, S. (2008). Oil price movements and the global economy. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Hassan, F. (2011). Effects of environmental agreements on OPEC exports of oil. SaarbruÃÅ'ˆcken, Germany: Lambert Academic Pub. Helm, D. (2007). The new energy paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kalicki, J. and Goldwyn, D. (2005). Energy and security. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press. Knetsch, T. (2006). Forecasting the price of crude oil via convenience yield predictions. Frankfurt am Main: Dt. Bundesbank. Kong, B. (2010). China's international petroleum policy. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger Security International. Luft, G. and Korin, A. (2009). Energy security challenges for the 21st century. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger Security International. Mez, L., Schneider, M. and Thomas, S. (2009). International perspectives on energy policy and the role of nuclear power. Brentwood, Essex: Multi-Science Pub. Pitt, E. and Leung, C. (2009). OPEC, oil prices and LNG. New York: Nova Sciences Publishers.

Monday, December 2, 2019

The Cost Of Computer Literacy Essays - Literacy, Computer Literacy

The Cost of Computer Literacy The Cost of Computer Literacy What are the costs of computer literacy? Some people argue that there are no such costs, but I believe there are a few which may be relevant. Does computer literacy affect the way we communicate, and if so, is this necessarily a bad thing? What is our future, as computer literacy becomes a necessity? What are the personal, financial, and social costs, as computer literacy becomes a necessity? According to Webster's New World dictionary, literacy is defined as the ability to read and write. There is definitely more than one interpretation of the word "literacy" as we have seen in class discussions and from reading many essays on the subject. The world has grown beyond the understanding of literacy as the ability to read and write- we now have many diverse understandings of the word. But there is a new literacy emerging around the world that will soon demand the immediate attention of everyone. I am referring to computer literacy. As our society becomes increasingly dependent on computers to take care of our daily needs, it creates a high demand for skilled professionals to maintain as well as take advantage of this technology. The computer job market is like a wave, a technology wave. I had the choice to ride the wave and possibly make a lot of money at the age of only 18. But if I had not decided to go to college now, instead of working full time, there is no guarantee that I would have a job when that technology wave breaks. Last year, at the age of 18, I was working in a computer software company as a network administrator and making more than some people that have a college degree. Some may look at this as a tremendous opportunity, but I saw it as a possible pitfall. At first, I saw taking advantage of my high computer literacy as having no costs whatsoever, but what I was reluctant to see was that I was not taking any college classes to further my education. This would have proved to be a significant mistake if I had not seen the possible negative aspects of not having a college degree to fall back on. How do you measure that cost or its cost to society? The degree and education that I get by going to college may prove to be a very important part of my future. As new technologies are developed, your job in the market may not be in demand. This is the case with network administration. Novell was a hot networking software package and then Microsoft came along and engulfed the network operat! ing system market with NT Server. Employers are going to be looking for people specialized in the hot fields. I have learned that a job is never permanent, but no one can take your education from you. It's about having options on your road in life and from what I have seen your education does just that. Have computers hindered our ability to communicate effectively? The question refers to our ability to fully express ourselves. Many times we just send e-mail that is very brief and doesn't reveal what we really want to say. We are increasingly taking old-fashioned ways of conversing for granted. The day of telephone calls, faxes, and just good old letter writing are almost phased out. Lets face it, it's much easier and efficient to send internet mail that can be there in less than 10 seconds than having to hand-write a letter and put it in the mail. It costs you 32 cents and you have to wait days for the other party to receive it. But what will this cost society? New jobs will be created by technology but there is also the unemployment cost to those who lost jobs to technology. What kind of behavioral cost will come from this? What happens when we can't negotiate and have no people skills? What are the costs of these skills? Take a look at the way we now communicate with our co-workers. We are merely feet from each other in the office, yet we no longer stand up and walk over to talk with someone face to face. Why? Is it easier to send them e-mail and await a response? We lose many forms of communication this way. We don't get that one-on-one interaction with each other, we can't see gestures and body language, and this may even be ground for miscommunication. To me it often seems that we can